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Classification of inflatable membrane structures

Date: 2022-02-22 Author: 科琦气膜

    充气膜结构是一种采用高性能膜材作为建筑“外壳”,通过膜内外的气压差使膜面产生张力,以此形成一定稳定形态和承受能力的结构或构件。根据膜内密闭空间形成方式不同可将充气膜结构分四类:气承式膜结构、气肋式膜结构、气枕式膜结构和气囊式膜结构。

充气膜结构的分类


    1.气承式膜结构

    膜面本身不形成封闭曲面,其周边固定于刚性边界或基础,密闭空间由膜面、四周封闭边界与室内地面形成。气承式膜结构通过建筑内部气压支撑膜面,形成建筑物主体,室内无需任何框架和梁柱支撑,但必须保持密闭性以维持室内气压。气承式膜结构常用的外形有球面和柱面。

    2.气肋式膜结构

    膜面本身形成封闭曲面及密闭空间,外形通常为管状,加压气体作用于膜面且可形成自平衡体系。气肋式膜结构的室内空间无需密闭,人员进出比较自由。

    3.气枕式膜结构

    一般指由多个气枕单元集合而成的结构体系。每个气枕单元的膜面形成封闭曲面及密闭空间,其周边固定于刚性骨架上。

    4.气囊式膜结构

    膜面本身形成封闭曲面及密闭空间,外形为囊体状,囊体尺度较大,整个结构可由一个囊体构成,内部加压气体作用于膜面,结构本身可形成自平衡体系,亦可在周边固定或支撑于刚性边界上。

充气膜结构的分类


    上述四种充气膜结构类型是目前工程中常见到的形式。当然,随着科技发展和技术进,在工程实践中可能还会创造出更多、更加新颖的充气膜结构形式。

此外,通过上诉膜结构类型的组合,也可以形成混合充气式。比如,可以采用气肋式和气承式组合的形式,或采用气肋和气囊组合等形式。


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